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Geopyxis carbonaria
''Geopyxis carbonaria'' is a species of fungus in the genus ''Geopyxis'', family Pyronemataceae. First described to science in 1805, and given its current name in 1889, the species is commonly known as the charcoal loving elf-cup, dwarf acorn cup, stalked bonfire cup, or pixie cup. The small, goblet-shaped fruitbodies of the fungus are reddish-brown with a whitish fringe and measure up to across. They have a short, tapered stalk. Fruitbodies are commonly found on soil where brush has recently been burned, sometimes in great numbers. The fungus is distributed throughout many temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. It is found in Europe, Turkey, and North America. Although it is primarily a saprotrophic species, feeding on the decomposing organic matter remaining after a fire, it also forms biotrophic associations with the roots of Norway spruce.
==Taxonomy==
The fungus was first described scientifically in 1805 by Johannes Baptista von Albertini and Lewis David de Schweinitz as ''Peziza carbonaria''.〔 Mordecai Cubitt Cooke illustrated the fruitbodies, spores, and asci in his 1879 work ''Mycographia, seu Icones fungorum. Figures of fungi from all parts of the world''.〔 In 1889, Pier Andrea Saccardo transferred the fungus to the genus ''Geopyxis'', giving the species its current name.〔 ''Pustularia carbonaria'', published by Heinrich Rehm in 1884,〔 is a synonym of ''G. carbonaria''.〔 Louis-Joseph Grélet proposed the variety ''Geopyxis carbonaria'' var. ''sessilis'' in 1937, referring to forms producing fruitbodies without a stalk, but the taxon is not considered to have independent taxonomic significance.〔 In 1860 Miles Berkeley and Moses Ashley Curtis described the species ''Peziza lepida'' from collections made in Japan as part of the North Pacific Exploring and Surveying Expedition (1853–1856).〔 This taxon was synonymized with ''G. carbonaria'' by Mien Rifai in 1968, a taxonomic opinion corroborated by Donald Pfister about a decade later.〔
The specific epithet ''carbonaria'' derives from the Latin word for "charcoal".〔 Common names given to the fungus include "charcoal loving elf-cup", "dwarf acorn cup",〔 "pixie cup",〔 and the British Mycological Society approved "stalked bonfire cup".〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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